Chiari malformation (commonly known as Chiari syndrome) is a structural disorder characterized by the protrusion (herniation) of cerebellar tissue through the opening at the base of the skull (foramen magnum) into the spinal canal. Under normal conditions, the parts of the cerebellum should be located entirely within the skull; however, they are pushed downward due to insufficient volume or structural deformity of the skull in this region. This condition creates physical pressure on the brainstem and spinal cord while also obstructing the natural flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to various stresses on the central nervous system.
Symptoms are usually noticed during childhood or young adulthood and vary significantly from person to person. The most characteristic symptom is neck and headache that intensifies particularly during actions such as coughing, sneezing, straining, or sudden head movements. In addition, neurological complaints such as loss of balance, decreased fine motor skills in your hands, numbness in the arms and legs, difficulty swallowing, visual disturbances, and sleep apnea may be observed. Many cases are diagnosed incidentally during MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans performed for other reasons.
The treatment process is planned according to the severity of the symptoms and their impact on the patient's quality of life. However, in cases of severe pain, specific neurological deficits, or the risk of nervous system damage, surgical intervention is the primary solution. Through a surgical procedure called "posterior fossa decompression," pressure at the base of the skull is reduced, more space is created for the cerebellum, and the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid is restored. Early diagnosis is of critical importance in preventing permanent damage to the nervous system.
Wishing you healthy days.
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View in Detail
